Religion and Life
Mohammad Rostami; Soheila Rostami; Wrya Hafidi; Pardis Rostami
Abstract
SUBJECT & OBJECTIVES: A significant body of research has consistently supported the effectiveness of spirituality-based interventions in influencing a range of psychological variables. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Iʿtikāf intervention on happiness and resilience in ...
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SUBJECT & OBJECTIVES: A significant body of research has consistently supported the effectiveness of spirituality-based interventions in influencing a range of psychological variables. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Iʿtikāf intervention on happiness and resilience in a group of adults.METHOD & FINDING: This quasi-experimental study adopted a pretest-posttest design with a control group and a one-month follow-up. The research sample consisted of 60 adult men and women, aged 18 to 60, from Sanandaj, Iran, in 2024. The participants were selected through convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group (30 individuals per group). The participants in the intervention group attended a 10-night spiritual Iʿtikāf ceremony held in mosques. They completed the items in the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ-SF) and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) at three pre-test, post-test, and follow-up phases. Results from the repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) indicated that the spiritual Iʿtikāf intervention significantly increased the participants' levels of happiness and resilience in the post-intervention phase, and these improvements were retained at the follow-up stage.CONCLUSION: Consistent with previous studies that have addressed the mental health benefits of spiritual interventions, the present study introduced Iʿtikāf as a spiritual intervention and a therapeutic option for enhancing the psychological well-being, specifically the happiness and resilience of adults.
Religion and Life
Fātemeh 'Alāie Raḥmānī; Fereshteh Mo'tamad Langrūdī
Abstract
SUBJECT & OBJECTIVES: The appointment of executive and administrative officials constitutes one of the most critical and necessary duties of an Islamic government, as the persistence of a system and government is contingent upon the competency of its agents. Should organizations be led by competent ...
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SUBJECT & OBJECTIVES: The appointment of executive and administrative officials constitutes one of the most critical and necessary duties of an Islamic government, as the persistence of a system and government is contingent upon the competency of its agents. Should organizations be led by competent managers, the quality of organizational activities will be enhanced, given that appointing competent managers significantly influences the promotion of societal behavior and Islamic values, fosters trust between the populace and the rulers, and facilitates the resolution of social problems.METHOD & FINDING: Reflecting to both the internal and external competencies of managers during their selection is imperative. This study seeks to elucidate the concept of competency, models of competency, and the significance of meritocracy within Islamic management. Furthermore, it analyzes the criteria for appointing competent managers with reference to the letters of Imām ʿAlī to His agents, employing a descriptive-analytical methodology and utilizing Spencer’s model. This process culminated in the design of a logical model of managerial competency derived from Imām ʿAlī’s teachings.CONCLUSION: The results indicate that managerial competencies, from the perspective of Nahj Al-Balāghah's letters, can be categorized into five components based on Spencer and Spencer's model: knowledge, skill, self-concept dimensions, personal traits, and motivation. These competencies were subsequently classified into two dimensions: hard and soft. Hard competencies encompass experience and expertise, reasoning, discipline, consultation, creating welfare, and communication with people. Soft competencies, characterized by an internal aspect in management, include self-control, justice, control and supervision, patience, humility, trustworthiness, honesty, adhering to the rights, and serving.
Religion and Life
khadijeh Ziaei; Mahmoud Kaviani; tahereh mahrozadeh
Abstract
SUBJECT & OBJECTIVES: This article aims to examine the role of Islamic ontology in shaping and reinforcing the human sense of poverty and need for God. The objective is to foster and internalize the feeling of poverty and the need for the Absolute Sufficient God within humans, as the most honorable ...
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SUBJECT & OBJECTIVES: This article aims to examine the role of Islamic ontology in shaping and reinforcing the human sense of poverty and need for God. The objective is to foster and internalize the feeling of poverty and the need for the Absolute Sufficient God within humans, as the most honorable of creatures.METHOD & FINDING: Utilizing verses from the Quran, narrations, and the philosophical and theological works of Muslim scholars, this article aims to describe and analytically gather relevant topics to explore certain ontological principles. The focus is on the divine attributes of perfection and the existential poverty of all beings before God. The findings of the research show that attention to these principles not only creates the feeling of human poverty and need for God but also enhances the ability to analyze and understand the truth, accepting human poverty and God's richness. This is expressed in the context of the relationship between the creator and the created, the emanator and the emanated, the theory of existential poverty, and the broader will and absolute power of God, thereby strengthening and manifesting these concepts. CONCLUSION: The results show that a correct and profound understanding of human poverty and absolute dependence on God leads individuals to seek the fulfillment of their needs and the attainment of perfection and pure life solely in the unlimited divine source.
Religion and Life
Aliyu Mustapha; Ali Asgariyazdi; Syed Mohammad Reza Mosavifaraz
Abstract
SUBJECT & OBJECTIVES: The paper provides a functionalist analysis of human free will and its impact on lifestyle from the perspective of Imam Ali . The discussion of free will and human influence over one’s actions is a significant issue in the fields of anthropology and theology, and it is ...
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SUBJECT & OBJECTIVES: The paper provides a functionalist analysis of human free will and its impact on lifestyle from the perspective of Imam Ali . The discussion of free will and human influence over one’s actions is a significant issue in the fields of anthropology and theology, and it is interconnected with many topics in Islamic sciences and disciplines. Human beings possess various dimensions and characteristics, among which free will is a key feature. Imam Ali , in opposition to the prevalent deterministic interpretation, emphasized human free will and its impact on one’s actions. The belief in free will manifests in individuals’ lifestyles.METHOD & FINDING: In an analytical-descriptive method, this paper aims to examine the statements of Imam Ali regarding human free will and its role in human lifestyle and progress. An active lifestyle or a passive lifestyle is considered a result of the belief in or denial of this free will. Progress and advancement in life, as well as divine happiness and reward, are achieved through free will, effort, and endeavor.CONCLUSION: Reward and punishment would be meaningless without free will. Effort and endeavor are fundamental aspects of lifestyle that arise from the belief in human free will. “An attempt to change undesirable conditions” and “Governance of belief” are among the manifestations of free will in individuals’ lifestyles. Man must strive to preserve freedom and not allow beliefs and values to be controlled by emotions.
The Meaning of Life
Hamzeh Mohammadabadi; Syed Hamid Reza Alavi; Morad Yari Dehnavi
Abstract
SUBJECT & OBJECTIVES: This study discusses some main approaches in philosophical counseling and explains Ali Ṣafāei Ḥāeri’s approach based on his works. METHOD & FINDING: This fundamental and qualitative study adopted a theoretical descriptive-analytical method. Ali Ṣafāei ...
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SUBJECT & OBJECTIVES: This study discusses some main approaches in philosophical counseling and explains Ali Ṣafāei Ḥāeri’s approach based on his works. METHOD & FINDING: This fundamental and qualitative study adopted a theoretical descriptive-analytical method. Ali Ṣafāei Ḥāeri’s approach can be called a truth-oriented self-transformation approach based on logical and refined thinking. The difference between his approach and others is that he draws a coherent thought system in which each sub-approach has a specific place. Moreover, he does not consider human life confined to short-term material life.CONCLUSION: In his approach, thinking should be freed from deviations, and human knowledge should start from immediate perceptions by raising fundamental questions. In the right raw materials, deliberation is done, the power of thought makes conclusions, and the results are compared with the power of reasoning and emulation. The power of perfectionism determines the best goals and the best way to reach them while man chooses with his own free will. Using these cognitions, man reaches the correct worldview and understanding based on the truth about human beings, existence, creator, purpose, and role of humans. These bits of knowledge are developed through reminders and exercises, and the philosophical advisor plays his role in all these stages.
The Meaning of Life
Zohre-Sadat Nabavi
Abstract
SUBJECT & OBJECTIVES: Faith and righteous deeds are common concepts in the Holy Qur’an that are often used together. Hence, the question is to know what results can be obtained in life with faith and righteous deeds. This question includes benefit and purpose, earthly or supernatural ...
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SUBJECT & OBJECTIVES: Faith and righteous deeds are common concepts in the Holy Qur’an that are often used together. Hence, the question is to know what results can be obtained in life with faith and righteous deeds. This question includes benefit and purpose, earthly or supernatural consequences, immediate or delayed results, and individual and social effects.METHOD & FINDING: The article benefitted from a logical-analytical method. Conceptual, propositional, and systemic approaches analyzed the lifestyle and the relationship between belief and righteous deeds in the exegeses (Tafasir) of the Qur’an. Furthermore, this article used the comparative approach to classify the exegetical perspectives. Various studies have been applied in the article including the study of the effects of faith and righteous deeds, the connection between faith and righteous deeds as well as their impacts and consequences through establishing cause and effect between faith and righteous deeds as well as implications and proposal of a hypothesis that would require a methodological approach to the study.CONCLUSION: Faith and righteous deeds are the two wings of human promotion to attain humanity, and understand the Caliphate of God. To achieve purpose and dignity in the teachings of the Holy Qur’an, righteous deeds are the outward reflection of true faith. The combination and impact of the two vital elements of faith and righteous deeds in the soul and personality of man is stable.
The Meaning of Life
Ali Ghanbarian; Ali Asgari Yazdi
Abstract
SUBJECT & OBJECTIVES: Pleasure motivates humans in pleasant and unpleasant behaviors. Numerous ethical schools have discussed pleasure. Some schools have embraced hedonism. One of these schools is utilitarianism. In the Holy Qur’an, many verses about pleasure are mentioned. These verses are ...
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SUBJECT & OBJECTIVES: Pleasure motivates humans in pleasant and unpleasant behaviors. Numerous ethical schools have discussed pleasure. Some schools have embraced hedonism. One of these schools is utilitarianism. In the Holy Qur’an, many verses about pleasure are mentioned. These verses are discussed in the form of resurrection, social reform, food and clothing, etc. Since Jeremy Bentham's principles of hedonism have had a great impact on philosophers, thinkers, social laws, and the culture and lifestyle of people, the present article is an explanation of pleasure from Jeremy Bentham's viewpoint and compares it with verses of the Qur’an.METHOD & FINDING: The library data collection and information processing method is descriptive-analytical critical. A finding of this article is to explain the similarities and differences of Jeremy Bentham's view compared to the verses of the Holy Qur’an.CONCLUSION: After the studies, we concluded that in both perspective hedonism and its excitatory aspect in humans with psychological hedonism, there are also points of disagreement: In the verses of the Qur’an, unlike Bentham, the pleasures of the hereafter and its preference over the pleasures of this world have been emphasized and the other that in the Qur’an, hedonism is not accepted in an absolute. Also, some of the blessings of the hereafter are mentioned in the Qur’an
Religion and Life
David Kibirango; Dr. Syed Hossein Sajid
Abstract
SUBJECT & OBJECTIVES: The enhancement and progress of Uganda's higher education system necessitate a foundational integration of religion and spirituality, the vital components that uphold the interests and dignity of Ugandan citizens. This research aims to scrutinize the profound effects of a religious ...
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SUBJECT & OBJECTIVES: The enhancement and progress of Uganda's higher education system necessitate a foundational integration of religion and spirituality, the vital components that uphold the interests and dignity of Ugandan citizens. This research aims to scrutinize the profound effects of a religious and spiritual-based higher education system on both individuals and the broader societal framework. METHOD & FINDING: Employing a descriptive-analytical approach, this study conducts a comprehensive investigation into Uganda's higher education system through case studies and document analysis. Additionally, it explores the multifaceted dimensions of religion and spirituality within this context. The findings indicate a positive correlation between implementing a holistic religious and spiritual lifestyle and its constructive impact on the personal and communal aspects of Ugandan citizens' lives within the higher education sphere. CONCLUSION: Uganda's higher education system faces challenges that significantly impact individual and societal prosperity, leading to widespread criticisms and skepticism. Consequently, it has garnered low scores both locally and internationally. The cultivation of a lifestyle guided by religious and spiritual principles such as freedom, dignity, equality, and justice demonstrates a beneficial influence on the lives of Ugandans. Therefore, integrating religion and spirituality within higher education is a potential avenue to positively transform individual trajectories and societal paradigms, fostering the emergence of independent, esteemed, and morally grounded Ugandan citizens.
Religion and Life
Abdul-Ahmad Mirzaei; Syed Hasan Abedian
Abstract
SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES: Since freedom is one of the common desires of humanity and is rooted in human nature, there is a lot of literature about it; However, in Islamic jurisprudence, this word has a little history and it is referred to as a new issue. The debates raised by Islamic thinkers often do ...
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SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES: Since freedom is one of the common desires of humanity and is rooted in human nature, there is a lot of literature about it; However, in Islamic jurisprudence, this word has a little history and it is referred to as a new issue. The debates raised by Islamic thinkers often do not look at the issue from a jurisprudential angle. This research tries to fill this gap. By emphasizing on Infallible imams school, the research describes the realm of freedom and its impact on contemporary life from a religious viewpoint with the aim of explaining the nature, limits and dimensions of freedom from a jurisprudential angle.METHOD AND FINDING: By using the method of qualitative analysis and referring to the verses and narrations and the opinions and opinions of Shia jurists and thinkers, it has reached the following findings: A: The principle of freedom is approved by religion and the school of infallible imams. B: Only freedom that is in the service and in the direction of achieving worldly and hereafter happiness is approved. C: Freedom in Islam is a means, not a goal. D: Political freedom is compatible with the theory of religious democracy.CONCLUSION: The article has concluded that the limit of human freedom in the school of infallible imams is where freedom becomes a barrier to the eternal happiness of an individual or human society.
Religion and Life
Somayeh Mohammadsadeghipour; Abbasali Rostaminasab; Hamidreza Alavi; Morad Yari Dehnavi; Abbas Mowzoun
Abstract
SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES: Those individuals who temporarily experience death, for some reasons, merely experience clinical death that is different from biological death. In the latter one it is not possible for their spirits to return to life while in the clinical death there is a possibility to return ...
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SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES: Those individuals who temporarily experience death, for some reasons, merely experience clinical death that is different from biological death. In the latter one it is not possible for their spirits to return to life while in the clinical death there is a possibility to return to the bodies and the material world. Thus, the present research attempts to explore clinical death incidents as a qualitative phenomenological study.METHOD AND FINDING: Among those who participated in producing the “Life After Life TV Series” of the 2020-2022 seasons, 41 participants were selected and interviewed using the purposeful sampling method. In addition to television interviews, the complementary data were gathered using conducting semi-structured interviews. Implementing Colaizzi’s seven analysis steps, the data were analyzed using MAXQDA, the 2021 version.CONCLUSION: Findings show 14 extracted codes identified as the “the nature of returning to life”. The codes were categorized into four main themes: 1) Negotiation and being convinced, 2) Having a choice and a discretion to return to the body, 3) Asking to return to compensate indemnifications in the world, and 4) Pleading for intercessions. Overall, it is concluded that in comparison to the other world’s experiencers, Iranian experiencers’ cultural factor and their religious beliefs are different from their counterparts in the world.
Religion and Life
Tahereh-Sadat Amini; Mohsen Imani Naeini; Alireza Mahmoudnia; Hamidreza Rezazadeh Bahadoran
Abstract
SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES: The present study has been conducted with the aim of getting to know the most important application of self-knowledge from the perspective of Allameh Tabatabai and Henri Bergson with a comparative view.METHOD AND FINDING: The results of this research, which was carried out with ...
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SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES: The present study has been conducted with the aim of getting to know the most important application of self-knowledge from the perspective of Allameh Tabatabai and Henri Bergson with a comparative view.METHOD AND FINDING: The results of this research, which was carried out with a descriptive-analytical, comparative and inferential method, show that Allameh Tabatabai and Henri Bergson, prominent philosophers of the East and the West, by providing a solution to one of the most important challenges of modern man, propose a new and deep look for man to return to himself. In the first step, this research has addressed two areas of thinking in the knowledge of the self and, in the most general look at the components of the incorporeality of the self, the relationship between the soul and the body, the change in the self and the soul as the main agent of perception in the opinions and thoughts of Allameh Tabatabai and Bergson with a comparative view. The data collection tool was MAXQDA software, which was used to increase the accuracy of data coding and categorization.CONCLUSION: According to the obtained results, Allameh Tabatabai considered the knowledge of God to be the most important result and the final goal of self-knowledge, and Bergson, looking intuitively at the soul and from another angle, introduced creative evolution as the best result of this knowledge.
Education and Social Ethics
Syed Shoaib Heydar Abedi; Syed Mohammad Reza Mousavinasab
Abstract
SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES: In this research, the Quranic-educational ideas of two contemporary Muslim thinkers: Misbah Yazdi and Abul-A'la Maududi are briefly mentioned. The goals of this research are: To discover points in the Quranic education system to review and criticize the western education system, ...
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SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES: In this research, the Quranic-educational ideas of two contemporary Muslim thinkers: Misbah Yazdi and Abul-A'la Maududi are briefly mentioned. The goals of this research are: To discover points in the Quranic education system to review and criticize the western education system, to improve the educational methods of schools, to achieve worldly and hereafter happiness.METHOD AND FINDING: The method of this research is descriptive, comparative and questioning (Thematic interpretation) in the the Quranic works of the mentioned scholars. The most important ideas of Misbah Yazdi are: The necessity of educating the ignorant, the capacity of human learning, the role of the teacher in education, the role of the group and imitation in learning, comprehensiveness in education, the importance of fundamental Islamic scientific research with divine motivation, the necessity of checking the competence of the teacher before starting learning; And Maududi's thoughts are: Treating the soul of the learner with proper education, evoking the emotions and nature of the learner along with the education, the compassion of the teacher and the appropriate method, the use of sensory examples for the teaching of extra-sensory subjects, the criteria of acceptance of the learner and the role of objective observation in learning.CONCLUSION: Based on this and in accordance with the comparative analysis of these ideas and approaches, Misbah Yazdi and Maududi both consider Islam to have a system and a valuable school of thought in human sciences specially in education.
The Meaning of Life
Amir Karimi; Mohammad Ali Pargho
Abstract
SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this research is to analyze the content of the articles in the International Multidisciplinary Journal of Pure Life (IMJPL) and answer the question about the characteristics and specifications of the articles and the authors of the articles.METHOD AND FINDING: In ...
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SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this research is to analyze the content of the articles in the International Multidisciplinary Journal of Pure Life (IMJPL) and answer the question about the characteristics and specifications of the articles and the authors of the articles.METHOD AND FINDING: In the present research, the content analysis method is used as a descriptive method. The statistical population of this research is the ten published issues of the IMJPL since the journal was promoted to the rank and its articles became English i.e. number 23 to number 32, and the statistical sample of this research included 60 articles published in these issues. The unit of analysis, was the relevant topics of the 11-question checklists of this research in the quarterly articles. The method of this research was collected by referring to the titles and contents, citations of the articles, and the required information. The data were analyzed using collection tools and descriptive statistics such as data classification according to frequency distribution and frequency percentage using SPSS software version 26.CONCLUSION: 80% of the articles were written as a group, men are so active than women, and 19 are faculty members, also among the participating countries, Iran with 71 authors, 93% of qualitative articles, 82% were descriptive-analytical articles, Islamic Azad University and Al-Mustafa International University With ten authors, The Meaning of Life with 24 articles, keywords: life with 11 repetitions, had the most quantity and the qualitative analysis of the articles was also reviewed.
Religious Studies
Mohammad Kadkhodaei; Ji Zeng
Abstract
SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES: Education has a special place in the perspective of Islam and the school of Confucius. Although there are some differences in various areas in both schools, in terms of goals and motivations of education, the numbers of the audience and the methods of creating motivation, the ...
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SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES: Education has a special place in the perspective of Islam and the school of Confucius. Although there are some differences in various areas in both schools, in terms of goals and motivations of education, the numbers of the audience and the methods of creating motivation, the two schools are significantly similar. It is through the comparison of the education in both schools that the reader will be enlighten to judge about the importance of education and acquire the deeper and reliable knowledge about both schools from the perspective of educational system.METHOD AND FINDING: The author first elaborates the different understandings and goals of the term education in both educational systems, then he begins the article with exploring the ways in which these two schools treat the educated audience, in order to provide readers with a deeper understanding of the differences in their educational ideas and goals; Finally, it elaborates the status of morality in the implementation of education. At the end, the following outcomes should be noted. Both schools of thought believe that not any science is not suitable for teaching. While Islam emphasizes that education is obligatory for every man and woman，the Confucian school, which according to history promotes the theory of “education without discrimination” believes that the content and method of education cannot be the same for everyone; but education should be designed based on the talent and interest of learners.CONCLUSION: Islam and the school of Confucius consider the study of thoughtless sciences to be worthless and harmful. They see asking questions as the key factor to awareness. However, addressing issues related to education in Islam and the Confucian school will lead to a better understanding of the various dimensions of education and consequently mutual understanding of Islamic civilization and Chinese educational culture.
The Meaning of Life
Mohammad-Mahdi Safouraei Parizi
Abstract
SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES: The present study aims at identifying the rights of family members based on religious sources and the impact of their observance on strengthening family bonds.METHOD AND FINDING: Using a descriptive-analytic methodology, this paper deduces the rights of family members and the ...
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SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES: The present study aims at identifying the rights of family members based on religious sources and the impact of their observance on strengthening family bonds.METHOD AND FINDING: Using a descriptive-analytic methodology, this paper deduces the rights of family members and the impact of their observance on strengthening family bonds from family-related verses and traditions. The study shows that One of the factors responsible for stability, peacefulness and efficiency of a family is the respect its members show for each other’s rights. Most inconsistencies that jeopardize the familial efficiency are rooted in spouses not respecting each other’s rights and not giving honest appreciation to each other. Religious sources have considered rights for each one of family members including husband, wife, child, father and mother. Parallel to these rights, they have placed duties on each one of family members. Based on religious sources, it is the observance of rights together with performing duties that strengthen family bonds.CONCLUSION: One of the things that prevents family atmosphere from becoming cold saves family bonds from shattering is the couples' knowledge of their spousal rights, duties and obligations as well as the transparency of the mandatory and non-mandatory limits and expectations. That is, if, from the outset, the husband and wife are well aware of each other's rights and those of their children and set their expectations based on this knowledge, the family will be efficient.
The Meaning of Life
Syed Javad Ebrahimi; Hadi Sadeqi
Abstract
SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES: Companying with revelation and other human faculties like sense and heart, Intellect is the perceptive faculty as one of the most significant fundaments of human Ma'rifat (recognition). It is important to know the position of Intellect in the epistemic geometry of Islam, especially ...
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SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES: Companying with revelation and other human faculties like sense and heart, Intellect is the perceptive faculty as one of the most significant fundaments of human Ma'rifat (recognition). It is important to know the position of Intellect in the epistemic geometry of Islam, especially Islamic ethics which lead human truth. In order to realize Intellect and its position among fundamentals of epistemology, the view of some precedent scholars like Sheikh Saduq is prominent since the proximity of his age to the presence of infallible Imams and finding minor occultation era.METHOD AND FINDING: Aiding a descriptive-analytical method, we seek for the position of intellect as one of epistemological fundamentals of ethics and their rank of influence on ethical Ma'rifat based on theological thoughts of Sheikh Saduq. We have defined Intellect from the perspective of epistemology as the source of knowledge. Then, we have dealt with the types of Intellect, including theoretical and practical ones, and finding the particular type considered in epistemology.CONCLUSION: Even though, Sheikh Saduq is counted as a textualist thinker but intellect in his thought is considered as an independent source in the scope of intellectual problems, which authenticates the other sources of recognition. Intellect is also mentioned as the primary source of recognition, and in company with revelation is known as the main causes of recognition.
Religion and Life
Ziba Mirsepasi (Iran); Dr. Syed Ali-Asghar Soltani (Iran); Dr. Mohammad-Reza Yousefi (Iran)
Abstract
SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES: The Holy Quran is a divine text and contains wise interpretations for the audience, which can be understood to some extent with the help of conceptual metaphors. The present study is an attempt to investigate the conceptual metaphors of “Selm” in examples of Quranic ...
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SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES: The Holy Quran is a divine text and contains wise interpretations for the audience, which can be understood to some extent with the help of conceptual metaphors. The present study is an attempt to investigate the conceptual metaphors of “Selm” in examples of Quranic verses and its purpose is finding and understanding the conceptual metaphors of “Selm” in the Quran, their clarification and classification and then description, interpretation and explanation them. The question of this research is what kind of conceptual metaphors the Quran has used to objectify the abstract concept of peace and how can they be explained.METHOD AND FINDING: The research is in the framework of the Charteris-Black metaphor critical analysis approach which is almost a qualitative research method. Therefore, with the help of the third version of the “Noor Jami’ al-Tafasir Software”, a sample body of 127 verses consisting of 54 keywords is extracted from the root of “Selm” Then their conceptual metaphors were examined. Based on the findings of this study, 37 conceptual metaphors have been extracted in the source domains of journey, conflict, religion, building, light and body parts. The source domains of light and conflict are the least productive and the source domain of journey with 72% of the total resonance is the most productive domain, which the conceptual key “peace is journey” can be deduced.CONCLUSION: According to the research findings on the conceptual metaphors of “Selm”, it is clear that the approach of the Quran is peace-oriented.
The Meaning of Life
Dr. Afzal-Sadat Hosseini Dehshiri (Iran)
Abstract
SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES: Adolescence is a period of ups and downs in the evolution of human life. Adolescents face moral and social crises in this period of their lives. In this article, the main objective has been made to present the goals, principles and methods of moral education appropriate to the ...
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SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES: Adolescence is a period of ups and downs in the evolution of human life. Adolescents face moral and social crises in this period of their lives. In this article, the main objective has been made to present the goals, principles and methods of moral education appropriate to the period of adolescence based on religious teachings.METHOD AND FINDING: This paper, was conducted with the method of qualitative research and documentary review. The educational methods are inferred from the principles. In the present article has been used the first-hand Islamic sources and sources of muslim thinkers and the experiences of the authors of the present article and statements of thinkers that have been included in various articles. The goals, principles and methods are important points which have been obtained in the present article.CONCLUSION: The goals, principles and methods which have been obtained in the present article, can be applied in the classroom and the family. Based on each principle, methods are inferred, which we will name separately here. The principles are knowledge, piety, dignity, creating favorable conditions, habit correction. The methods are giving insight, reminder, admonition, preaching, remembering god, fear and hope, creating self-care ability, encouragement, negligence, providing an opportunity for moral action, modeling, entering the constructive friendly community, praising good qualities, repentance.
Social and Economic Issues
Kemal Korkmaz (Turkey); Dr. Syed Hassan Abedian (Iran)
Abstract
SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES: The effect of time and place in rulings is accepted by all Islamic scholars; but in relation to applying rulings to examples and determining the scope of authority of the Islamic ruler, less work has been done in relation to the rulings. Especially regarding the first ruling ...
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SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES: The effect of time and place in rulings is accepted by all Islamic scholars; but in relation to applying rulings to examples and determining the scope of authority of the Islamic ruler, less work has been done in relation to the rulings. Especially regarding the first ruling on the belongings of zakat, two opinions have been raised by the jurists- obligatory and desirable- and the main reason for the difference is the conflicting traditions.METHOD AND FINDING: This research is about the role of time and place in the obligation of zakat property, based on a descriptive and analytical research methods. It seems that in the present era, due to the role of time and place in the belongings of zakat, it is necessary to develop zakat items, and this matter is proved by the various evidences mentioned in this article. All Islamic scholars recognise the effect of time and place in rulings. Particularly regarding the first ruling on the belongings of zakat, two opinions have been raised by jurists- obligatory and desirable- and they are the main reason for the difference in conflicting traditions.CONCLUSION: According to today's developments and changes in societal needs, as well as the philosophy of zakat legislation, which is to satisfy material needs and revitalise human spiritual life, the zakat belongings should be reconsidered, and societal needs should be based on the discretion of the Islamic ruler and changes. to identify an additional source of wealth, it would seem that developing the issue of zakat things is necessary in the modern day given the importance of time and place in zakat possessions.
The Meaning of Life
Khadijeh Ahmadi Bighash
Abstract
SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES: The source of sovereignty and obedience is Allah, the Almighty. Any obedience to others but Allah is rejected and considered as oppression unless it be along with His sovereignty and through His permission, such as the Guardianship (wilayah) of prophets and Divine Authorities ...
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SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES: The source of sovereignty and obedience is Allah, the Almighty. Any obedience to others but Allah is rejected and considered as oppression unless it be along with His sovereignty and through His permission, such as the Guardianship (wilayah) of prophets and Divine Authorities (wali). The question arises here that what are the reasons for the compulsion of obedience or forbidding opposition to the Prophets.METHOD AND FINDING: This paper, was conducted with the method of qualitative research and documentary review. Accordingly, the author has examined the most important proofs of the obligation to follow the commands and instructions of the prophets based on the Quranic sources of narration and the covenants.CONCLUSION: This study argues that its evidences are based on both Sharia (Divine Law) and intellect; because if everyone acts according to his own ideas, as wherever the words of the Prophets agreed with his carnal desires, he would act according to them and if the words of the Prophets were not in accordance with his intentions and desires, he would not pay attention to them and so oppose him, surely such a person is not a follower of the Law of Religious, even though he seems to be a believer. In fact, he is really a hypocrite or ignorant of the truth of religion, which in both cases lacks faith.
Religion and Life
Mohammed-Reza Dodhiya (India); Dr. Mohsen Ghanbari (Iran)
Abstract
SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES: One of the main contemporary issues worldwide is to achieve sustainable peace wherein people of different cultures are at peace with one another. In such a situation, it is expected that Islam, as the last and perfect divine religion, will provide solutions for various issues ...
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SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES: One of the main contemporary issues worldwide is to achieve sustainable peace wherein people of different cultures are at peace with one another. In such a situation, it is expected that Islam, as the last and perfect divine religion, will provide solutions for various issues and problems that are in the way of human life, and this article was written with this purpose.METHOD AND FINDING: In this qualitative research, which is a type of exploratory study, the religion of Islam strives not only to correct the apparent behavior of human beings towards each other; but also looks at the problem at its core and provides a solution for them. In other words, the model lays the foundation for Islamic culture that manifests peaceful coexistence in human action and is in line with the ultimate human goal. The Islamic model of peaceful coexistence among human beings uses the traditional categorization of Islamic teachings of theology (worldview), jurisprudential (the dos and don'ts), and ethics (the paramount of human potentials), that these elements are interconnected. In such a way that the model firstly refines the self and then the society.CONCLUSION: The results show that the Islamic model has the ability to lay the foundations of peaceful coexistence among human beings.
The Meaning of Life
Masoud Fahami; Farhad Pourkeyvan
Abstract
SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES: Iran's 1979 Islamic Revolution, led by the Imam Khomeini, kicked off a new era in interaction between the clergy and the government; an interaction which has taken shape and been institutionalized at different levels of regulation, legislation and execution, and for sure within ...
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SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES: Iran's 1979 Islamic Revolution, led by the Imam Khomeini, kicked off a new era in interaction between the clergy and the government; an interaction which has taken shape and been institutionalized at different levels of regulation, legislation and execution, and for sure within the framework of the views of the Leader of the Islamic Revolution and adopted laws. The Imam Khomeini's views about government-clergy interaction bears significance from two aspects; First and foremost, he was instrumental in the emergence of the Islamic Revolution and the ensuing establishment of the Islamic Republic, and also the stabilization of the role of leadership; Second, the criteria he has defined about clergy-government interaction could be an acceptable index for the assessment of their status quo.METHOD AND FINDING: The methodology of this article originally pursues an approach based on text analysis and hermeneutics although historical analysis is incorporated. For this reason, this article seeks to know the model of clergy-government interaction which is sketched out based on the Imam Khomeini's standpoint and specifically his 22-volume Sahifeh. The research hypothesis is that the model of clergy-government interaction preached by the Imam Khomeini relies on religious beliefs and the structure of an Islamic society with a view to monitoring the government and guiding people and making the life for its nation (Ommat) meaningful.CONCLUSION: The results of the research showed that this article highlights the Shia ideology before discussing the standing of the supreme authority on religious matters (Marja'), Shia political discourse and the process of its formation throughout different periods, as well as the new potentialities of the Islamic Revolution like institution of supreme clerical rule (Velayat-e Faqih) and religious democracy which is an influential factor in the formation and development of the Shia political discourse.
Religion and Life
Dr. Hamid Rezania Shirazi (Iran)
Abstract
SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES: The question of whether religion is compatible with science has occupied a prominent place in the discussions of the nineteenth century and some thinkers hold the view that science and religion are incompatible. In contrast to this view, those who believe that religion and science ...
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SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES: The question of whether religion is compatible with science has occupied a prominent place in the discussions of the nineteenth century and some thinkers hold the view that science and religion are incompatible. In contrast to this view, those who believe that religion and science cannot be opposed to each other, argue that they are two aspects of the facts of life; One aspect touches the soul while the other indicates material advancement.METHOD AND FINDING: This paper tends to deal descriptively and analytically with the relation between science and religion from the view point of Hans Kong as one of the present theologians. Considering the main purpose of religions, the relationship among ethics and religion and modern science is stricter. In other word, religions have come to improve the moral activities in human’s life, and they have to lead him to goodness and happiness; Because science cannot bring the value for man but religion can. The ethics of religion can solve many problems of mankind; For example purification to complete goodness and bring new horizons of human’s perfection. Religion gives peace to the scientifically advanced and worried society.CONCLUSION: Therefore, in this paper, an attempt was made to examine and analyze the main points of Hans Kung viewpoint of compatibility and alignment in the relationship between science and religion, and other areas such as the beginning of the universe, creation of the world, and etc.
The Meaning of Life
Hakimeh-Sadat Nateghi (Afghanistan); Dr. Syed Ali Salman Shah-Naqavi (Pakistan)
Abstract
SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES: The subject of this research is to explain the philosophy of pilgrimage of the Holy Prophets and infallible people and its effect on giving meaning to human life. In this regard, the purpose of this article is to achieve a comprehensive knowledge of the category of pilgrimage, ...
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SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES: The subject of this research is to explain the philosophy of pilgrimage of the Holy Prophets and infallible people and its effect on giving meaning to human life. In this regard, the purpose of this article is to achieve a comprehensive knowledge of the category of pilgrimage, philosophy of pilgrimage and its role and impact on contemporary human life.METHOD AND FINDING: In order to achieve the main subject and achieve the objectives of the research, with the method of qualitative research of the type of library studies and reviewing documents, verses and narrations and rational reasons, an attempt was made to process the research problem. The research findings also confirm the positive approach to the category of pilgrimage and the philosophy of pilgrimage and its positive role in giving meaning to human life.CONCLUSION: At the end of the article and in conclusion, it was concluded that the category of pilgrimage from a religious and intellectual point of view is a matter of approval and those who go on pilgrimage, understand its material and spiritual effects in their lives. In this article, each of these topics has been thoroughly studied and verses and narrations have been used in them.
The Meaning of Life
Aneway Valenzuela (Philippines); Prof. Mansoor Limba (Philippines)
Abstract
SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES: This research is about knowing the important factors to be considered by a working woman's in religious point of view. Women play a very important role in religious; First and foremost, they bear the future generations of human being. They are the mothers that nurture the future ...
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SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES: This research is about knowing the important factors to be considered by a working woman's in religious point of view. Women play a very important role in religious; First and foremost, they bear the future generations of human being. They are the mothers that nurture the future leaders of the world; and They are the wives and the trustee of their husbands. To understand more about the rules of religious regarding women, we need to first understand regarding the position of women in religious. Why she is created, what are her purpose in this world, how she was created and how she is different and similar from men? By doing this, understanding her and the rulings that governs her in religion can be easier.METHOD AND FINDING: In this research, which was conducted with a qualitative method and analytical approach, it was found that under the rules of religious, working is permissible for women but she is bounded by certain rules that are for her own benefit. Woman is created as a servant of God so it is her primary duty to serve God. A woman also can be a wife and mother so she also has her duties and responsibilities that must be taken into consideration before planning to work.CONCLUSION: The research results showed that procuring livelihood is not a woman’s obligation and responsibility but it is permissible for her to work provided that she will not neglect her primary duties and responsibilities. Working and having an employment for women has its benefits and disadvantage so both must be taken into consideration and benefits should be greater than its disadvantage.
